{"id":2593,"date":"2018-02-01T05:00:06","date_gmt":"2018-02-01T04:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/?p=2593"},"modified":"2018-01-30T15:09:55","modified_gmt":"2018-01-30T14:09:55","slug":"historia-pocitacov-apple","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.appleking.sk\/blog\/historia-pocitacov-apple","title":{"rendered":"Hist\u00f3ria po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov Apple: \u00daspech vystriedal prepad"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hist\u00f3ria po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov Apple<\/a> je star\u00e1 viac ako 40 rokov, po\u010das ktor\u00fdch pre\u0161li naozaj dlh\u00fa cestu. V tej dobe bolo cel\u00e9 odvetvie IT na samom za\u010diatku, a nikto nemohol tu\u0161i\u0165, \u010do prines\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie roky. Napriek tomu sa Steve Wozniak a Steve Jobs pustili do zostrojenia v\u00f4bec prv\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9ho my\u0161lienka vych\u00e1dzala z vedeckej kalkula\u010dky. Svet spoznal prv\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d tejto spolo\u010dnosti pod n\u00e1zvom Apple I.<\/p>\n

\"Hist\u00f3ria<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u00e1pad na zostrojenie vlastn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da pri\u0161iel u\u017e v roku 1971, kedy sa Steve Jobs a Steve Wozniak prv\u00fd kr\u00e1t stretli. N\u00e1vrhy vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch obvodov a celkov\u00e9ho designu zabrali nieko\u013eko rokov, po\u010das ktor\u00fdch sa dvojica mlad\u00fdch nad\u0161encov stret\u00e1vala s nedostatkom financi\u00ed. Prv\u00e9 peniaze na n\u00e1kup potrebn\u00fdch s\u00fa\u010diastok si Steve Wozniak a Steve Jobs zaobstarali z predaja vedeckej kalkula\u010dky a mikrobusa.<\/p>\n<\/a>

Apple I: Prv\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d pod zna\u010dkou Apple<\/h2>\n

V roku 1976 kone\u010dne prich\u00e1dza Steve Wozniak a Steve Jobs s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom Apple I, ktor\u00e9ho po predstaven\u00ed v kalifornskom Los Altos vyrobili 150 kusov. S opera\u010dnou pam\u00e4\u0165ou (RAM) 4 KB a mikroprocesorom MOS Technology 6502 s frekvenciou 1 MHz sa nejednalo o po\u010d\u00edta\u010d na hry, ani dom\u00e1ce alebo kancel\u00e1rske pou\u017eitie.<\/p>\n

\"Apple<\/a><\/p>\n

Jednalo sa o s\u00e9riu obvodov, ku ktor\u00fdm bolo treba dok\u00fapi\u0165 case (debna), nap\u00e1jac\u00ed zdroj a displej. Naviac bolo potrebn\u00e9 nain\u0161talova\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 programy<\/strong>; aj napriek tomu bol z\u00e1ujem nenas\u00fdten\u00e9ho trhu o \u201enedokonal\u00fd\u201c po\u010d\u00edta\u010d obrovsk\u00fd. Wozniak a Jobs ho vtedy predali elektroobchodu za 500 USD (10 426 K\u010d) \/ kus, tj. dnes ako 2 151 USD (44 852 K\u010d).<\/p>\n<\/a>

Apple II: Prv\u00fd mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010d pre dom\u00e1cnosti<\/h2>\n

Nasleduj\u00faci rok d\u00e1va Apple Computer svetu svoj v\u00f4bec prv\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d pre dom\u00e1ce pou\u017eitie<\/strong>. Hoci sa aj vtedy jednalo o mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010d, vypadal Apple II podstatne \u201edokonalej\u0161ie\u201c ako jeho predchodca. K debne prisl\u00fachala aj kl\u00e1vesnica a monitor, navy\u0161e bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 in\u0161talova\u0165 z kaziet. Apple II prevzal mikroprocesor MOS Technology 6502 s frekvenciou 1 MHz, a zachoval si tie\u017e 4 MB RAM. Zna\u010dn\u00e9 vylep\u0161enie pon\u00fakala podpora programovacieho jazyka Integer BASIC a tabu\u013ekov\u00fd kalkul\u00e1tor VisiCalc.<\/p>\n

\"Apple<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00fdstup z kaziet \u0161iel prehr\u00e1va\u0165 na monitore aj telev\u00edzii, a po\u010d\u00edta\u010d vedel tie\u017e nahr\u00e1vanie d\u00e1t a programov na audio p\u00e1sky. Apple II u\u017e kone\u010dne zvl\u00e1dal prv\u00e9 hry, aplik\u00e1cie aj \u010fal\u0161ie programovacie jazyky<\/strong>, a jeho maloobchodn\u00e1 cena bola 1 289 USD (26 815 K\u010d), za roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fa verziu s 48 KB RAM 2 638 USD (55 007 K\u010d). Tj. ako 5 206 (108 555 K\u010d) \/ 10 655 USD (221 178) dnes. \u00daspech Apple II nasledoval roz\u0161\u00edrenie o disketov\u00fa jednotku, benevolentn\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia navy\u0161e umo\u017e\u0148ovala pripojenie kvalitnej\u0161ej video karty, pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch modulov, pevn\u00fdch diskov alebo sie\u0165ov\u00fdch komponentov.<\/p>\n<\/a>

Apple II Plus: Vylep\u0161en\u00fd \u00faspech<\/h2>\n

\u010coskoro pri\u0161iel vylep\u0161en\u00fd model Apple II Plus, ktor\u00fd mal od z\u00e1kladu 48 KB RAM s mo\u017enos\u0165ou roz\u0161\u00edrenia na 64 KB. No nerozbehli by ste na tom ani prv\u00e9ho Maria \u2026 Vylep\u0161en\u00fd model tie\u017e podporoval programovacie jazyky Applesoft BASIC, UCSD Pascal a Fortran 77<\/strong>. O p\u00e4\u0165 rokov nesk\u00f4r, teda roku 1982, predstavil Apple \u201eod\u013eah\u010den\u00fa verziu\u201c s ozna\u010den\u00edm Apple IIe, ktor\u00fd bol zostaven\u00fd z lacnej\u0161\u00edch komponentov.<\/p>\n

\"Apple<\/a><\/p>\n

Oproti predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facemu modelu mal u\u017e slu\u0161n\u00fdch (na tu dobu) 64 KB RAM roz\u0161\u00edrite\u013en\u00fdch na 128 KB a dok\u00e1zal zobrazi\u0165 a\u017e 80 textov\u00fdch st\u013apcov, v ktor\u00fdch rozli\u0161oval ve\u013ek\u00e9 a mal\u00e9 p\u00edsmen\u00e1.<\/p>\n<\/a>

Apple III: Pre\u0161\u013eap k hor\u0161iemu<\/h2>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 s posledn\u00fdm modelom Applu II bol na trh uveden\u00fd najnov\u0161\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d s n\u00e1zvom Apple III ur\u010den\u00fd pre firmy. Ten sa ale stretol s ve\u013ek\u00fdm ne\u00faspechom<\/strong>, \u010do hne\u010f smelo prehl\u00e1sil aj Steve Wozniak. Apple III mal \u00faplne nov\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m zvan\u00fd SOS, ktor\u00fd bol prisp\u00f4soben\u00fd programovac\u00edm jazykom BASIC a Pascal. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de mali od z\u00e1kladu procesor s frekvenciou 2 MHz a 256 KB RAM s mo\u017enos\u0165ou roz\u0161\u00edrenia na dvojn\u00e1sobok.<\/p>\n

\"Apple<\/a><\/p>\n

To bol na svoju dobu slu\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdkon, ktor\u00fd cel\u00fd pr\u00edstroj kv\u00f4li absencii chladiaceho ventil\u00e1tora \u00faplne odrovnal<\/strong>. Steve Jobs t\u00fdm chcel pred\u00eds\u0165 hlu\u010dnosti stroja \u2013 ale ako sa uk\u00e1zalo, u\u017e po prvom zapnut\u00ed pri\u0161lo k prehriatiu a zni\u010deniu cel\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da. Pochr\u00e1man\u00fa poves\u0165 u\u017e mu nezachr\u00e1nil ani Apple III Plus, ktor\u00fd bol zbaven\u00fd v\u0161etk\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n<\/a>

Apple II je sp\u00e4\u0165 v hre<\/h2>\n

Po fiasku s posledn\u00fdm modelom, sa Steve Jobs a Stevef Wozniak rozhodli, \u017ee sa zameraj\u00fa na vylep\u0161ovanie svojho \u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161ieho modelu. Pri\u0161li teda s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom Apple IIc, ktor\u00fd nasledoval Apple IIGS s lep\u0161\u00edm procesorom a u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 rozhranie bolo prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 vzh\u013eadu Mac OS.<\/p>\n

\"Apple<\/a><\/p>\n

S\u00e9riu zakon\u010doval Apple IIc Plus, najv\u00fdkonnej\u0161\u00ed stroj vo svojej rade<\/strong>. R\u00f4zne modely boli pred\u00e1van\u00e9 do roku 1993, a na niektor\u00fdch miestach vydr\u017eali dokonca a\u017e do roku 2000! Na trhu sa nakoniec objavilo na 172 r\u00f4znych klonov, ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto poskytovali jedno alebo dve vylep\u0161enia a priaznivej\u0161iu cenu.<\/p>\n

V \u010fal\u0161om diele sa pozrieme na v\u00fdvoj Macbookov, mo\u017eno aj laptopov Apple, ktor\u00e9 dobili svet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hist\u00f3ria po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov Apple je star\u00e1 viac ako 40 rokov, po\u010das ktor\u00fdch pre\u0161li naozaj dlh\u00fa cestu. V tej dobe bolo cel\u00e9 odvetvie IT na samom za\u010diatku, a nikto nemohol tu\u0161i\u0165, \u010do prines\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie roky. Napriek tomu sa Steve Wozniak a Steve Jobs pustili do zostrojenia v\u00f4bec prv\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":2598,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"Hist\u00f3ria po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov Apple: \u00daspech vystriedal prepad","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_options":[]},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"\nTitle: Hist\u00f3ria po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov Apple: \u00daspech a prepad | AppleKing.sk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hist\u00f3ria po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov Apple od vzniku v roku 1971 do roku 1993. 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